Zogulitsa
Lifecosm CHW Ag/Anaplasma Ab/E.canis Ab Testst Kit Mankhwala a Chowona Zanyama
Canine Heartworm Ag/Anaplasma Ab/Ehrlichia canis Ab test kit
| Nambala yakatalogi | Mtengo wa RC-CF29 |
| Chidule | Kuzindikira kwa Canine Dirofilaria immitis antigens, Anaplasma antibodies, E. canis antibodies mkati mwa mphindi 10 |
| Mfundo yofunika | Gawo limodzi la immunochromatographic assay |
| Zolinga Zozindikira | CHW Ag: Dirofilaria immitis antigens Anapalsma Ab: Ma antibodies a AnaplasmaE. canis Ab: Ma antibodies a E. canis |
| Chitsanzo | Canine Magazi Onse, Plasma kapena Seramu |
| Nthawi yowerenga | Mphindi 10 |
| Kuchuluka | 1 bokosi (zida) = 10 zida (payekha payokha) |
| Zamkatimu | Zida zoyesera, botolo la Buffer, ndi chotsitsa chotaya |
| Kusungirako | Kutentha kwachipinda (2 ~ 30 ℃) |
| Kutha ntchito | Miyezi 24 pambuyo popanga |
| Chenjezo | Gwiritsani ntchito mkati mwa mphindi 10 mutatsegulaGwiritsani ntchito sampuli yoyenera (0.01 ml ya dropper) Gwiritsani ntchito pambuyo pa mphindi 15-30 ku RT ngati zasungidwa m'malo ozizira Ganizirani zotsatira za mayeso ngati zosavomerezeka pakatha mphindi 10 |
Zambiri
Mphutsi zazikulu zamoyo zimakula mainchesi angapo m'litali ndipo zimakhala m'mitsempha ya m'mapapo pomwe zimatha kupeza zakudya zokwanira.Mitsempha yamtima mkati mwa mitsempha imayambitsa kutupa ndikupanga hematoma.Mtima, motero, uyenera kupopa kaŵirikaŵiri kusiyana ndi poyamba pamene mphutsi za mtima zikuchuluka, kutsekereza mitsempha.
Matenda akafika poipa (pa galu wolemera makilogalamu 25 pali nyongolotsi zopitirira 25), nyongolotsi za mtima zimapita mu atrium yoyenera, kutsekereza kutuluka kwa magazi.
Pamene chiwerengero cha heartworms kufika oposa 50, iwo akhoza kukhala
atriums ndi ventricles.
Akagwidwa ndi nyongolotsi zopitirira 100 kumbali yoyenera ya mtima, galuyo amasiya kugwira ntchito ya mtima ndipo pamapeto pake amafa.Zowopsa izi
Chochitikacho chimatchedwa "Caval Syndrom."
Mosiyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayika tizilombo tating'onoting'ono totchedwa microfilaria.Microfilaria mu udzudzu umalowa mwa galu pamene udzudzu ukuyamwa magazi galu.Mphutsi zamtima zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka ziwiri zimafa ngati sizipita kumalo ena mkati mwa nthawi imeneyo.Tizilombo tomwe timakhala mwa galu yemwe ali ndi pakati amatha kupatsira mluza wake.
Kuwunika koyambirira kwa nyongolotsi zamtima ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuzichotsa.Heartworms amadutsa masitepe angapo monga L1, L2, L3 kuphatikiza siteji yopatsirana ndi udzudzu kukhala nyongolotsi zazikulu.
Heartworms mu udzudzu
Microfilaria mu udzudzu amakula kukhala L2 ndi L3 tiziromboti tingathe kupatsira agalu mu masabata angapo.Kukula kumadalira nyengo.Kutentha kwabwino kwa tiziromboti ndi kopitilira 13.9 ℃.
Udzudzu wokhala ndi kachilomboka ukaluma galu, microfilaria ya L3 imalowa pakhungu lake.Pakhungu, microfilaria imakula kukhala L4 kwa masabata a 1 ~ 2.Atakhala pakhungu kwa miyezi itatu, L4 imayamba kukhala L5, yomwe imalowa m'magazi.
L5 monga mawonekedwe a heartworm wamkulu amalowa mu mtima ndi pulmonary mitsempha kumene 5 ~ 7 miyezi pambuyo heartworms anagona tizilombo.
Chithandizo
Matenda a heartworms amachiritsidwa bwino nthawi zambiri.Pofuna kuthetsa matenda onse a mtima, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira yabwino kwambiri.Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa nyongolotsi kumapangitsa kuti chithandizo chiziyenda bwino.Komabe, kumapeto kwa matendawa, zovuta zimatha kuchitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithandizocho chikhale chovuta.
Zambiri
Bakiteriya Anaplasma phagocytophilum (omwe kale anali Ehrilichia phagocytophila) angayambitse matenda mu nyama zingapo kuphatikizapo anthu.Matendawa apezeka m’zoweta za m’nyumba amatchedwanso kuti tick-borne fever (TBF), ndipo akhala akudziwika kwa zaka zosachepera 200.Mabakiteriya a m'banja la Anaplasmataceae ndi gram-negative, nonmotile, coccoid ku ellipsoid zamoyo, kukula kwake kuchokera 0.2 mpaka 2.0um awiri.Ndi ma aerobes ofunikira, alibe njira ya glycolytic, ndipo onse ndi majeremusi ofunikira olowa mu cell.Mitundu yonse yamtundu wa Anaplasma imakhala ndi ma vacuoles okhala ndi nembanemba m'maselo osakhwima kapena okhwima a hematopoietic a mammalian host.Phagocytophilum imayambitsa ma neutrophils ndipo mawu akuti granulocytotropic amatanthauza ma neutrophils omwe ali ndi kachilombo.Nthawi zambiri zamoyo, apezeka eosinophils.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za canine anaplasmosis zimaphatikizapo kutentha thupi kwambiri, kutopa, kukhumudwa ndi polyarthritis.Zizindikiro za neurologic (ataxia, khunyu ndi kupweteka kwa khosi) zimatha kuwoneka.Matenda a Anaplasma phagocytophilum sapha kawirikawiri pokhapokha ngati atapangidwa ndi matenda ena.Kutayika kwachindunji, mikhalidwe yopunduka ndi kutayika kwa kupanga kwawonedwa mwa ana ankhosa.Kuchotsa mimba ndi kuwonongeka kwa spermatogenesis mu nkhosa ndi ng'ombe zalembedwa.Kuopsa kwa matendawa kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Anaplasma phagocytophilum yomwe ikukhudzidwa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ena, zaka, chitetezo cha mthupi ndi momwe wodwalayo alili, komanso zinthu monga nyengo ndi kasamalidwe.Ziyenera kutchulidwa kuti mawonetseredwe azachipatala mwa anthu amachokera ku chimfine chochepa chodziletsa, kupita ku matenda owopsa.Komabe, matenda ambiri a anthu mwina amabweretsa kuchepa kapena kusawonetsa konse.
Kutumiza
Anaplasma phagocytophilum imafalikira ndi nkhupakupa za ixodid.Ku United States mavekita aakulu kwambiri ndi Ixodes scapularis ndi Ixodes pacificus, pamene Ixode ricinus yapezeka kuti ndiyo gwero lalikulu la exophilic ku Ulaya.Anaplasma phagocytophilum imafalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa za vekitalazi, ndipo palibe umboni wa kufalikira kwa transovarial.Kafukufuku wambiri mpaka pano omwe afufuza za kufunikira kwa makamu a zinyama za A. phagocytophilum ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nkhupakupa ayang'ana kwambiri makoswe koma chamoyochi chili ndi mitundu yambiri ya zinyama zomwe zimapatsa tizilombo toweta, agalu, nkhosa, ng'ombe, ndi akavalo.
Matenda
Indirect immunofluorescence assay ndiye mayeso akulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire matenda.Zitsanzo za acute and convalescent phase serum zitha kuwunikidwa kuti muwone kusintha kowirikiza kanayi kwa antibody titer kukhala Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Ma intracellular inclusions (morulea) amawonedwa mu granulocytes pa Wright kapena Gimsa wopaka magazi opaka magazi.Njira za Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira DNA ya Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
Kupewa
Palibe katemera woteteza matenda a Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Kupewa kumadalira kupewa kukhudzana ndi nkhupakupa (Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes pacificus, ndi Ixode ricinus) kuyambira masika mpaka kugwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa antiacaricides, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito prophylactic wa doxycycline kapena tetracycline poyendera Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes pacidecinus rickicus, ndi Ixodes pacidecinus madera omwe ali ndi vuto.
Zambiri
Ehrlichia canis ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapatsirana ndi nkhupakupa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus.E. canis ndi chifukwa cha classical ehrlichiosis mwa agalu.Agalu amatha kutenga kachilombo ka Ehrlichia spp angapo.koma chofala kwambiri chomwe chimayambitsa canine ehrlichiosis ndi E. canis.
E. canis tsopano yadziwika kuti yafalikira ku United States, Europe, South America, Asia ndi Mediterranean.
Agalu omwe ali ndi kachilombo omwe sanalandire chithandizo amatha kukhala onyamula matendawa kwa zaka zambiri ndipo pamapeto pake amafa chifukwa cha kukha magazi kwakukulu.
Zizindikiro
Ehrlichia canis matenda agalu amagawidwa mu magawo atatu;
ACUTE PHASE: Iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala yofatsa kwambiri.Galu adzakhala wopanda pake, sadya chakudya, ndipo akhoza kukulitsa ma lymph nodes.Pakhoza kukhala kutentha thupi koma kawirikawiri gawoli silimapha galu.Ambiri amawulula zamoyo paokha koma ena amapitilira gawo lotsatira.
SUBCLINICAL PHASE: Mu gawo ili, galu amawoneka wabwinobwino.Chamoyocho chakhazikika mu ndulu ndipo chimabisala kunja uko.
NTCHITO YOKHALITSA: Pamenepa galu amadwalanso.Mpaka 60% ya agalu omwe ali ndi E. canis adzakhala ndi magazi osadziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mapulateleti.Kutupa kwambiri m'maso komwe kumatchedwa "uveitis" kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kukondoweza kwa chitetezo chamthupi kwa nthawi yayitali.Zotsatira za neurologic zitha kuwonekanso.
Matenda ndi chithandizo
Kuzindikira kotsimikizika kwa Ehrlichia canis kumafuna kuwonetsetsa kwa morula mkati mwa monocytes pa cytology, kuzindikira kwa E. canis serum antibodies ndi indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, ndi/kapena blotting gel (Western immunoblotting).
Njira yayikulu yopewera matenda a canine ehrlichiosis ndikuwongolera nkhupakupa.Mankhwala kusankha mankhwala a mitundu yonse ya ehrlichiosis ndi doxycycline kwa mwezi umodzi.Payenera kukhala kusintha kwakukulu kwachipatala mkati mwa maola 24-48 kutsatira kuyambika kwa chithandizo kwa agalu omwe ali ndi matenda owopsa kwambiri kapena ofatsa.Panthawi imeneyi, chiwerengero cha maselo a m'magazi chimayamba kuwonjezeka ndipo chiyenera kukhala chachilendo mkati mwa masiku 14 chiyambireni chithandizo.
Pambuyo pa matenda, ndizotheka kutenga kachilomboka;chitetezo chokwanira sichikhalitsa pambuyo pa matenda am'mbuyomu.
Kupewa
Njira yabwino yopewera ehrlichiosis ndiyo kusunga agalu opanda nkhupakupa.Izi ziphatikizepo kuyang'ana khungu tsiku ndi tsiku ngati nkhupakupa ndi kuchitira agalu ndi nkhupakupa.Popeza nkhupakupa zimakhala ndi matenda ena oopsa, monga matenda a Lyme, anaplasmosis ndi matenda a Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ndikofunika kuti agalu asakhale ndi nkhupakupa.
