Zogulitsa
Lifecosm CHW Ag/Anaplasma Ab/E.canis Ab/LSH Ab Test Kit
CHW Ag/Anaplasma Ab/E.canis Ab/LSH Ab Test Kit Canine Heartworm Ag/Anaplasma Ab /Ehrlichia canis Ab/Leishmania Ab mayeso
| Nambala yakatalogi | Mtengo wa RC-CF31 |
| Chidule | Kuzindikira kwa Canine Dirofilaria immitis antigens, Anaplasma antibodies, E. canis antibodies ndi LSH antibodies mkati mwa mphindi 10 |
| Mfundo yofunika | Gawo limodzi la immunochromatographic assay |
| Zolinga Zozindikira | CHW Ag: Dirofilaria immitis antigens Anapalsma Ab: Ma antibodies a AnaplasmaE. canis Ab: Ma antibodies a E. canis LSH Ab : L. chagasi, L. infantum, ndi L. donovani ma antibodies |
| Chitsanzo | Canine Magazi Onse, Plasma kapena Seramu |
| Nthawi yowerenga | Mphindi 10 |
| Kuchuluka | 1 bokosi (zida) = 10 zida (payekha payokha) |
| Zamkatimu | Zida zoyesera, botolo la Buffer, ndi chotsitsa chotaya |
| Kusungirako | Kutentha kwachipinda (2 ~ 30 ℃) |
| Kutha ntchito | Miyezi 24 pambuyo popanga |
| Chenjezo | Gwiritsani ntchito mkati mwa mphindi 10 mutatsegulaGwiritsani ntchito sampuli yoyenera (0.01 ml ya dropper) Gwiritsani ntchito pambuyo pa mphindi 15-30 ku RT ngati zasungidwa m'malo ozizira Ganizirani zotsatira za mayeso ngati zosavomerezeka pakatha mphindi 10 |
Zambiri
Mphutsi zazikulu zamoyo zimakula mainchesi angapo m'litali ndipo zimakhala m'mitsempha ya m'mapapo pomwe zimatha kupeza zakudya zokwanira.Mitsempha yamtima mkati mwa mitsempha imayambitsa kutupa ndikupanga hematoma.Mtima, motero, uyenera kupopa kaŵirikaŵiri kusiyana ndi poyamba pamene mphutsi za mtima zikuchuluka, kutsekereza mitsempha.
Matenda akafika poipa (pa galu wolemera makilogalamu 25 pali nyongolotsi zopitirira 25), nyongolotsi za mtima zimapita mu atrium yoyenera, kutsekereza kutuluka kwa magazi.
Pamene chiwerengero cha heartworms kufika oposa 50, iwo akhoza kukhala
atriums ndi ventricles.
Akagwidwa ndi nyongolotsi zopitirira 100 kumbali yoyenera ya mtima, galuyo amasiya kugwira ntchito ya mtima ndipo pamapeto pake amafa.Zowopsa izi
Chochitikacho chimatchedwa "Caval Syndrom."
Mosiyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayika tizilombo tating'onoting'ono totchedwa microfilaria.Microfilaria mu udzudzu umalowa mwa galu pamene udzudzu ukuyamwa magazi galu.Mphutsi zamtima zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka ziwiri zimafa ngati sizipita kumalo ena mkati mwa nthawi imeneyo.Tizilombo tomwe timakhala mwa galu yemwe ali ndi pakati amatha kupatsira mluza wake.
Kuwunika koyambirira kwa nyongolotsi zamtima ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuzichotsa.Heartworms amadutsa masitepe angapo monga L1, L2, L3 kuphatikiza siteji yopatsirana ndi udzudzu kukhala nyongolotsi zazikulu.
Heartworms mu udzudzu
Microfilaria mu udzudzu amakula kukhala L2 ndi L3 tiziromboti tingathe kupatsira agalu mu masabata angapo.Kukula kumadalira nyengo.Kutentha kwabwino kwa tiziromboti ndi kopitilira 13.9 ℃.
Udzudzu wokhala ndi kachilomboka ukaluma galu, microfilaria ya L3 imalowa pakhungu lake.Pakhungu, microfilaria imakula kukhala L4 kwa masabata a 1 ~ 2.Atakhala pakhungu kwa miyezi itatu, L4 imayamba kukhala L5, yomwe imalowa m'magazi.
L5 monga mawonekedwe a heartworm wamkulu amalowa mu mtima ndi pulmonary mitsempha kumene 5 ~ 7 miyezi pambuyo heartworms anagona tizilombo.
Matenda
The matenda mbiri ndi matenda deta galu wodwala, ndi njira zosiyanasiyana matenda ayenera kuganiziridwa pozindikira galu.Mwachitsanzo, X-ray, ultrasound scan, kufufuza magazi, kuzindikira microfilaria ndipo, poipa kwambiri, autopsy imafunika.
Kuyeza kwa seramu;
Kuzindikira ma antibodies kapena ma antigen m'magazi
Kufufuza kwa Antigen;
Izi zimayang'ana kwambiri pakuzindikira ma antigen enieni a nyongolotsi zachikazi.Kuwunika kumachitika m'chipatala ndipo chiwongoladzanja chake ndi chachikulu.Zida zoyesera zomwe zilipo pamsika zidapangidwa kuti zizindikire zilonda zam'mimba za miyezi 7-8 kotero kuti nyongolotsi zochepera miyezi isanu ndizovuta kuzizindikira.
Chithandizo
Matenda a heartworms amachiritsidwa bwino nthawi zambiri.Pofuna kuthetsa matenda onse a mtima, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira yabwino kwambiri.Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa nyongolotsi kumapangitsa kuti chithandizo chiziyenda bwino.Komabe, kumapeto kwa matendawa, zovuta zimatha kuchitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithandizocho chikhale chovuta.
Zambiri
Bakiteriya Anaplasma phagocytophilum (omwe kale anali Ehrilichia phagocytophila) angayambitse matenda mu nyama zingapo kuphatikizapo anthu.Matendawa apezeka m’zoweta za m’nyumba amatchedwanso kuti tick-borne fever (TBF), ndipo akhala akudziwika kwa zaka zosachepera 200.Mabakiteriya a m'banja la Anaplasmataceae ndi gram-negative, nonmotile, coccoid ku ellipsoid zamoyo, kukula kwake kuchokera 0.2 mpaka 2.0um awiri.Ndi ma aerobes ofunikira, alibe njira ya glycolytic, ndipo onse ndi majeremusi ofunikira olowa mu cell.Mitundu yonse yamtundu wa Anaplasma imakhala ndi ma vacuoles okhala ndi nembanemba m'maselo osakhwima kapena okhwima a hematopoietic a mammalian host.Phagocytophilum imayambitsa ma neutrophils ndipo mawu akuti granulocytotropic amatanthauza ma neutrophils omwe ali ndi kachilombo.Nthawi zambiri zamoyo, apezeka eosinophils.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zachipatala zacanine anaplasmosis monga kutentha thupi, kuledzera, kuvutika maganizo ndi polyarthritis.Zizindikiro za neurologic (ataxia, khunyu ndi kupweteka kwa khosi) zimatha kuwoneka.Matenda a Anaplasma phagocytophilum sapha kawirikawiri pokhapokha ngati atapangidwa ndi matenda ena.Kutayika kwachindunji, mikhalidwe yopunduka ndi kutayika kwa kupanga kwawonedwa mwa ana ankhosa.Kuchotsa mimba ndi kuwonongeka kwa spermatogenesis mu nkhosa ndi ng'ombe zalembedwa.Kuopsa kwa matendawa kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, monga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Anaplasma phagocytophilum yomwe ikukhudzidwa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zaka, chitetezo cha mthupi ndi momwe wodwalayo alili, komanso zinthu monga nyengo ndi kasamalidwe.Ziyenera kutchulidwa kuti mawonetseredwe azachipatala mwa anthu amachokera ku chimfine chochepa chodziletsa, kupita ku matenda owopsa.Komabe, matenda ambiri a anthu mwina amabweretsa kuchepa kapena kusawonetsa konse.
Kutumiza
Anaplasma phagocytophilum imafalikira ndi nkhupakupa za ixodid.Ku United States mavekita akuluakulu ndi Ixodes scapularis ndi Ixodes pacificus, pamene Ixode ricinus yapezeka kuti ndiyo gwero lalikulu la exophilic ku Ulaya.Anaplasma phagocytophilum imafalitsidwa ndi nkhupakupa za vekitalazi, ndipo palibe umboni wa kufalikira kwa transovarial.Kafukufuku wambiri mpaka pano omwe afufuza za kufunikira kwa makamu a zinyama za A. phagocytophilum ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nkhupakupa ayang'ana kwambiri makoswe koma chamoyochi chili ndi mitundu yambiri ya zinyama zomwe zimadyetsa amphaka, agalu, nkhosa, ng'ombe, ndi akavalo.
Matenda
Indirect immunofluorescence assay ndiye mayeso akulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire matenda.Zitsanzo za acute and convalescent phase serum zitha kuwunikidwa kuti muwone kusintha kowirikiza kanayi kwa antibody titer kukhala Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Ma intracellular inclusions (morulea) amawonedwa mu granulocytes pa Wright kapena Gimsa wopaka magazi opaka magazi.Njira za Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira DNA ya Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
Kupewa
Palibe katemera woteteza matenda a Anaplasma phagocytophilum.Kupewa kumadalira kupewa kukhudzana ndi nkhupakupa (Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes pacificus, ndi Ixode ricinus) kuyambira masika mpaka kugwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa antiacaricides, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito prophylactic wa doxycycline kapena tetracycline poyendera Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes pacidecinus rickicus, ndi Ixodes pacidecinus madera omwe ali ndi vuto.
Zambiri
Ehrlichia canis ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapatsirana ndi nkhupakupa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus.E. canis ndi chifukwa cha classical ehrlichiosis mwa agalu.Agalu amatha kutenga kachilombo ka Ehrlichia spp angapo.koma chofala kwambiri chomwe chimayambitsa canine ehrlichiosis ndi E. canis.
E. canis tsopano yadziwika kuti yafalikira ku United States, Europe, South America, Asia ndi Mediterranean.
Agalu omwe ali ndi kachilombo omwe sanalandire chithandizo amatha kukhala onyamula matendawa kwa zaka zambiri ndipo pamapeto pake amafa chifukwa cha kukha magazi kwakukulu.
Zizindikiro
Ehrlichia canis matenda agalu amagawidwa mu magawo atatu;
ACUTE PHASE: Iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala yofatsa kwambiri.Galu adzakhala wopanda pake, sadya chakudya, ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi ma lymph nodes.Pakhoza kukhala kutentha thupi koma kawirikawiri gawoli silimapha galu.Ambiri amawulula zamoyo paokha koma ena amapitilira gawo lotsatira.
SUBCLINICAL PHASE: Mu gawo ili, galu amawoneka wabwinobwino.Chamoyocho chakhazikika mu ndulu ndipo chimabisala kunja uko.
NTCHITO YOKHALITSA: Pamenepa galu amadwalanso.Mpaka 60% ya agalu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka E. canis adzakhala ndi magazi achilendo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mapulateleti.Kutupa kwambiri m'maso komwe kumatchedwa "uveitis" kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kukondoweza kwa chitetezo chamthupi kwa nthawi yayitali.Zotsatira za neurologic zitha kuwonekanso.
Matenda ndi chithandizo
Kuzindikira kotsimikizika kwa Ehrlichia canis kumafuna kuwonetsetsa kwa morula mkati mwa monocytes pa cytology, kuzindikira kwa E. canis serum antibodies ndi indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, ndi/kapena blotting gel (Western immunoblotting).
Njira yayikulu yopewera matenda a canine ehrlichiosis ndikuwongolera nkhupakupa.Mankhwala kusankha mankhwala a mitundu yonse ya ehrlichiosis ndi doxycycline kwa mwezi umodzi.Payenera kukhala kusintha kwakukulu kwachipatala mkati mwa maola 24-48 kutsatira kuyambika kwa chithandizo kwa agalu omwe ali ndi matenda owopsa kwambiri kapena ofatsa.Panthawi imeneyi, chiwerengero cha maselo a m'magazi chimayamba kuwonjezeka ndipo chiyenera kukhala chachilendo mkati mwa masiku 14 chiyambireni chithandizo.
Pambuyo pa matenda, ndizotheka kutenga kachilomboka;chitetezo chokwanira sichikhalitsa pambuyo pa matenda am'mbuyomu.
Kupewa
Njira yabwino yopewera ehrlichiosis ndiyo kusunga agalu opanda nkhupakupa.Izi ziphatikizepo kuyang'ana khungu tsiku ndi tsiku ngati nkhupakupa ndi kuchitira agalu ndi nkhupakupa.Popeza nkhupakupa zimakhala ndi matenda ena oopsa, monga matenda a Lyme, anaplasmosis ndi matenda a Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ndikofunika kuti agalu asakhale ndi nkhupakupa.
Zambiri
Leishmaniasis ndi matenda aakulu komanso oopsa a anthu, agalu ndi anyani.Wothandizira wa leishmaniasis ndi tizilombo ta protozoan ndipo ndi wa leishmania donovani complex.Tizilomboti timafala kwambiri m'mayiko otentha komanso otentha ku Southern Europe, Africa, Asia, South America ndi Central America.Leishmania donovani infantum (L. infantum) ndiyomwe imayambitsa matenda a nyani ndi canine ku Southern Europe, Africa, ndi Asia.Canine Leishmaniasis ndi matenda oopsa a systemic.Si agalu onse omwe amayamba kudwala matenda pambuyo pa inoculation ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Kukula kwa matenda achipatala kumadalira mtundu wa chitetezo cha mthupi chomwe nyama iliyonse imakhala nayo
motsutsana ndi tiziromboti.
Zizindikiro
Mu Canine
Mawonetseredwe a visceral ndi cutaneous angapezeke nthawi imodzi mwa agalu;mosiyana ndi anthu, ma syndromes osiyana a cutaneous ndi visceral samawoneka.Zizindikiro zachipatala zimakhala zosiyana ndipo zimatha kutsanzira matenda ena.Matenda asymptomatic amathanso kuchitika.Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za visceral zingaphatikizepo kutentha thupi (komwe kungakhale kwapakatikati), kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, ulesi, kuchepa kwa kulolerana kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchepa thupi, komanso kuchepa kwa chidwi.Zizindikiro zochepa za visceral zimaphatikizapo kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza, melena, glomerulonephritis, kulephera kwa chiwindi, epistaxis, polyuria-polydipsia, kuyetsemula, kupunduka (chifukwa cha nyamakazi kapena myositis), ascites, ndi matenda am'matumbo osatha.
Mu Feline
Amphaka sakhala ndi kachilombo kawirikawiri.M'magulu ambiri amphaka omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, zotupazo zimakhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka pamilomo, mphuno, zikope, kapena pinnae.Zilonda zam'mimba ndi zizindikiro ndizosowa.
Mayendedwe amoyo
Kuzungulira kwa moyo kumatsirizidwa m'magulu awiri.Ntchentche ya msana (mchenga).Ntchentche yamchenga yaikazi imadya vertebrate host ndiamastigotes.Ma promastigote okhala ndi mbendera amakula mwa tizilombo.Ma promastigotes amabayidwa mumtundu wa vertebrate pamene akudyetsa mchengawo.Ma promastigotes amakula kukhala amastigotes ndipo amachulukana makamaka mu macrophages.Kuchulutsa mkati mwa macrophages a khungu, mucosa ndi viscera, kumayambitsa cutaneous, mucosal ndi visceral leishmaniasis motsatana.
Matenda
Mwa agalu, leishmaniasis nthawi zambiri imapezeka poyang'anitsitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pogwiritsa ntchito Giemsa kapena madontho ofulumira, popaka ma lymph node, ndulu, kapena ma aspirates a m'mafupa, ma biopsies a minofu, kapena zotupa pakhungu.Zamoyo zitha kupezekanso mu zotupa zamaso, makamaka mu granulomas.Ma amastigotes ndi ozungulira mpaka oval parasites, ndi phata lozungulira basophilic ndi kinetoplast yaing'ono ngati ndodo.Amapezeka mu macrophages kapena amamasulidwa ku maselo osweka.Njira za Immunohistochemistry ndi polymerase chain reaction (PCR) zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito.
Kupewa
Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi awa: Meglumine Antimoniate yogwirizana ndi Allopurinol, Aminosidine, ndipo posachedwapa, Amphotericin B. Mankhwalawa amafunikira mlingo wambiri wa mlingo, ndipo izi zidzadalira momwe wodwalayo alili komanso mgwirizano wa mwini wake.Akuti chithandizo cha chisamaliro chiyenera kusungidwa ndi allopurinol, chifukwa sizingatheke kuonetsetsa kuti agalu sabwereranso ngati chithandizo chatha.Kugwiritsa ntchito makolala okhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizirombo, shamposi kapena zopopera zothandiza kuteteza agalu ku kulumidwa ndi mchenga kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza kwa odwala onse omwe akulandira chithandizo.Kuwongolera ma vector ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera matenda.
Ntchentcheyo imakhala pachiwopsezo ku tizilombo tomwe timapha tizilombo toyambitsa malungo.
